When it comes to the field of surveying, compasses play a vital role in determining accurate measurements and angles. Two commonly used compasses in surveying are the Prismatic Compass and the Surveyor Compass. While they both serve the same purpose, there are notable differences between the two that are worth exploring. In this article, we will delve into the dissimilarities, functions, and unique features of both the Prismatic Compass and the Surveyor Compass. By understanding these disparities, surveyors can make informed decisions about which compass suits their specific needs.
Table of Contents
What is Prismatic Compass?
The Prismatic Compass is a navigational instrument used to determine the direction of magnetic north. It consists of a circular housing containing a magnetic needle, graduated scales, and a prism for taking accurate readings. Surveyors primarily use the Prismatic Compass for preliminary surveying, reconnaissance, and mapping purposes.
Components of Prismatic Compass:
- Baseplate: The prismatic compass features a transparent baseplate that allows for direct reading of bearings on both the compass and a map. It provides a stable platform for holding the compass during measurements.
- Compass Housing: The compass housing contains the magnetic needle and the azimuth ring. It is typically mounted on top of the baseplate and allows for easy rotation.
- Magnetic Needle: The magnetic needle is a crucial component of the prismatic compass. It aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic field and points towards the magnetic north. The needle is usually marked with cardinal directions, such as north, south, east, and west.
- Azimuth Ring: The azimuth ring is a graduated circular ring surrounding the magnetic needle. It is marked with degrees or mils, allowing for precise angular measurements. The user can align the desired bearing with the index line on the compass housing.
- Sighting Mechanism: The prismatic compass is equipped with a sighting mechanism, often consisting of a notch or a window with crosshairs. This mechanism allows the user to accurately aim and align the compass with a target or a specific direction.
- Prism: The prism is a key feature of the prismatic compass. It is located above the compass housing and enables the user to simultaneously see the compass card and the target, facilitating accurate readings even in low-light conditions.
Features and Construction
The Prismatic Compass is compact and lightweight, making it easy to carry and handle during fieldwork. It typically comprises a circular metallic casing with a glass top that houses the magnetic needle and the graduated scale. The prism, located on the side, allows the user to simultaneously read the magnetic needle and the graduated scale through a single eyepiece, enhancing accuracy and convenience.
Applications
The Prismatic Compass finds applications in various fields, including civil engineering, mining, construction, and geological surveys. It is particularly useful for measuring azimuths, angles, and bearings, enabling surveyors to establish reference points and create accurate maps of the surveyed area.
What is Surveyor Compass?
The Surveyor Compass, also known as the Circumferentor, or Transit Compass, is a traditional surveying instrument used for angular and directional measurements. It comprises a compass needle, a magnetic declination adjustment mechanism, and a circular scale. Surveyors primarily use the Surveyor Compass for precise measurements and mapping purposes..
Components of Surveyor Compass:
- Circular Body: The surveyor compass has a circular body that houses the essential components. It is often larger and more robust compared to the prismatic compass, providing stability and precision during measurements.
- Magnetic Needle: Similar to the prismatic compass, the surveyor compass includes a magnetic needle that aligns with the Earth’s magnetic field. The needle points towards the magnetic north and assists in determining angles and directions.
- Azimuth Ring: The surveyor compass features a graduated azimuth ring surrounding the circular body. It is marked with degrees or other angular units for precise measurements. The azimuth ring allows for the accurate reading of bearings.
- Sighting Mechanism: The surveyor compass incorporates a sighting mechanism, typically consisting of a notch or a window with crosshairs. This mechanism enables the user to align the compass with a target or a reference point accurately.
- Bubble Level: Many surveyor compasses are equipped with a bubble level. The bubble level helps ensure that the compass is held horizontally and level during measurements, enhancing the accuracy of angular readings.
- Tripod Mounting Thread: Some surveyor compasses may include a tripod mounting thread, allowing the compass to be securely mounted on a tripod. This feature is particularly useful in professional surveying applications, where stability is essential.
Features and Construction
The Surveyor Compass typically features a circular metallic casing with a transparent cover that houses the compass needle and the circular scale. It also incorporates a sighting mechanism to align the compass with the desired target accurately. Some modern versions of the Surveyor Compass may include additional features such as a built-in clinometer for measuring slopes.
Applications
The Surveyor Compass is widely used in geodetic surveys, topographic mapping, land boundary determination, and other detailed surveying tasks. It provides surveyors with the ability to measure horizontal angles accurately, which is crucial for establishing property boundaries, creating maps, and conducting construction projects.
The table below provides a concise overview of the key differences between the Prismatic Compass and the Surveyor Compass.
| Key Differences | Prismatic Compass | Surveyor Compass |
|---|---|---|
| Design and Structure | Circular casing with a prism for simultaneous reading | Circular casing with a sighting mechanism |
| Reading and Measurement | Prism allows simultaneous reading of needle and scale | Requires alignment with target and reading from scale |
| Accuracy and Precision | Lower accuracy and suitable for rough estimates | Higher accuracy and precision for detailed surveying |
| Magnetic Needle | Points towards magnetic north | Aligns with Earth’s magnetic field |
| Graduations | Marked in degrees range from 0 to 360° | Divided into four quadrants with graduations from 0 to 90° in each |
| Portability and Durability | Compact and lightweight | Bulkier due to sighting mechanism and stability |
| Price Range | More affordable | Generally more expensive |
| Bearing | Whole circle bearing (W.C.B) can be determined | Reduced bearing can be determined |
| Mirror | Equipped with a mirror for sight vane | No mirror linked to the objective vane |
Differences Between Prismatic Compass and Surveyor Compass
Design and Structure
The Prismatic Compass and the Surveyor Compass differ in their design and structure. The Prismatic Compass features a circular casing with a prism for simultaneous reading of the magnetic needle and the graduated scale. In contrast, the Surveyor Compass typically includes a sighting mechanism for accurate alignment and a circular scale for measuring angles.
Reading and Measurement Methods
When it comes to reading and measurement methods, the Prismatic Compass relies on a prism that allows the user to simultaneously view the magnetic needle and the graduated scale. On the other hand, the Surveyor Compass requires the user to align the compass with the target using the sighting mechanism and read the angle from the circular scale.
Accuracy and Precision
Both compasses offer different levels of accuracy and precision. The Prismatic Compass provides quick readings and is suitable for rough estimates and preliminary surveys. In contrast, the Surveyor Compass offers higher accuracy and precision, making it ideal for detailed surveying tasks that require precise measurements and mapping.
Magnetic Needle and Graduations
The magnetic needle and graduations on the compasses also differ. The Prismatic Compass features a magnetic needle that points towards magnetic north, while the Surveyor Compass uses a compass needle that aligns with the Earth’s magnetic field. Additionally, the graduations on the Prismatic Compass are often marked in degrees, while the Surveyor Compass may include additional subdivisions, such as minutes and seconds.
Portability and Durability
In terms of portability and durability, the Prismatic Compass is generally more compact and lightweight, making it easier to carry during fieldwork. It is often constructed using robust materials to withstand rugged conditions. Conversely, the Surveyor Compass may be bulkier and more substantial due to its additional sighting mechanism, which enhances stability and accuracy during precise measurements.
Price Range
The price range of the Prismatic Compass and the Surveyor Compass can vary. The Prismatic Compass is generally more affordable and widely available, making it a popular choice for beginners and casual users. In contrast, the Surveyor Compass tends to be more expensive due to its advanced features and higher precision, making it a preferred choice for professional surveyors.
Choosing the Right Compass for Your Needs
Factors to Consider When selecting between the Prismatic Compass and the Surveyor Compass, several factors should be considered. These include the specific surveying requirements, the desired level of accuracy, the complexity of the surveying tasks, and the available budget.
Prismatic Compass or Surveyor Compass: Which One to Choose? Ultimately, the choice between the Prismatic Compass and the Surveyor Compass depends on the user’s specific needs and preferences. For quick estimates, preliminary surveys, and a more budget-friendly option, the Prismatic Compass may be suitable. However, for precise measurements, detailed mapping, and professional surveying tasks, the Surveyor Compass offers higher accuracy and advanced features.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while both the Prismatic Compass and the Surveyor Compass serve the purpose of determining directions and angles in surveying, they have distinct differences in their design, functionality, and accuracy levels. Understanding these disparities is crucial for surveyors to make informed decisions about which compass best suits their specific surveying requirements. By selecting the right compass, surveyors can enhance the accuracy of their measurements, improve the quality of their maps, and ultimately achieve better results in their surveying endeavors.
